From a viewer’s point of view, a work of art consists of a body as well as the location where it is displayed. However, in Walter Benjamin’s 1935 article, he suggests that a work of art should be analyzed with the purpose it served and/or it has served and serves, as well as, how it is perceived at a different time and a different place. From tiny pictographs of the Neolithic to the huge installations of today, works of art are not only given a specific purpose but also a specific audience to reach that purpose. Benjamin points out the Elk cave carving of the Stone Age and emphasizes the specific audience it had. It was a ritualistic piece and was not meant to be for everyone’s eyes. When the body of an art work is detached from its home, it is therefore reproduced.
In today’s world it is done so by technology and this takes us the the sixth section of the article where Benjamin points out how the cult value resists to the exhibition value, especially in photography. Early photography, he points out, consisted of portraits that were of the loved, lost and the dead. This kind of capturing still holds the aura and melancholy. However, as long as a viewer detaches from the portrait, the photograph will exist in the exhibition and will be remembered because of the exhibition. Therefore, the cult value and the exhibition value coexist without overshadowing one another, yet, existing in stages.
In the exhibitions of today, the reason why most of us even know about the artwork is not through art books but it is because of the exhibitions. Therefore, it is impossible to detach the exhibition value. The way it is displayed in the museum is the way we write out reviews and capture in our minds forever. Art works in exhibitions are precisely placed next to one another for various historical and aesthetic reasons. On the other hand, Benjamin’s example of prehistoric cave drawings suggest that an artwork loses it’s cult value once it is taken away from the time and place it was created. Religious and ritualistic work falls in this group. At the time they were created, they didn’t serve more than a yoga mat or a paperback bible. After many, years it has become art because it has impacted art history significantly and left forces that will continue impacting the world forever.
Sections V and VI by Walter Benjamin, 1939.